RheoSCAN
Early diagnosis of Diabetic complications and Metabolic syndrome
Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy
What are the symptoms?
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No apparent symptoms at early stages
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Usually appear when kidney damage to progress
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Even then, symptoms tend to be vague
Who is at risk?
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All people with diabetes – both type 1 and type 2 – are at risk
What is Diabetic Nephropathy?
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About 25% with diabetes eventually develops diabetic nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease)
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Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure, requiring hemodialysis.
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Local hypertension
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Low filtration rate
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Proteins in urine
RheoScan CSS
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RBC Critical Shear Stress(CSS) shows high correlation with nephropathy in T2DM
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RheoScan-CSS can screen diabetic nephropathy among type 2 diabetic patients
*Patient who should be excluded
Arthritis patient, Person who drank alcohol within 48 hours, Iron deficiency anemia, Pulmonary thrombosis, Artificial Heart, Malaria
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Complications
Decision supporting system for precision test
Patients with DM have hyperglycemia and elevated fibrinogen that leads to impaired RBC deformability and aggregation
Alteration of deformability and aggregation of RBCs can be detected with RheoScan system at earlier stages of diabetic complications
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) Screening Assay
CSS shows significantly high correlation with diabetic kidney diseases classified by either ACR or GFR.
In the ROC curve analysis with eGFR (AUC = 0.615),
- sensitivity 60.3%
- specificity: 59.6%
- Odd ratio: 2.573 (95% CI = 1.057–6.264, p < 0.05)
Odd ratio; difference between CSS T1 and T3 is 2.573
In the ROC curve analysis with uACR (AUC = 0.635)
- sensitivity: 60.2%
- specificity: 60.3%
- Odd ratio: 3.063 (95% = CI 1.632–5.748, p < 0.01)
Odd ratio; difference between CSS T1 and T3 is 3.063
Reference*
Chung et al., Critical Shear Stress is Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Scientific Reports (2018) 8:908
Critical Shear Stress can detect early stages diabetic complications.
CSS shows significant difference between Healthy group(RED) and Patients with diabetic complications group(GREEN).
CSS can detect Diabetic complications from diabetic patients at GFR 3 or ACR 2. who do not have any symptoms.
Reference*
Gyawali et al., Hemorheology, ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) and toe brachial pressure index (TBPI) in metabolic syndrome, Microvascular research 95 (2014), 31-36
Gyawali et al., Hemorheological parameters better classify metabolic syndrome than novel cardiovascular risk factors and peripheral vascular disease marker, Clin. hemorheol. microcirc. 64 (2016), 1-5
Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy
What is T2DM Diabetic Retinopathy?
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It is the most common diabetic eye complication and the leading cause of blindness in working age people.
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Retinopathy causes vision loss in either macular edema or proliferative diabetic retinopathy
What are the symptoms?
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Diabetic Retinopathy can be destroying the eye's blood vessels without any noticeable symptoms
Who is at risk?
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All people with diabetes - both type1 and type2 - are at risk
RBC deformability reduction shows high correlation with retinopathy in T2DM.
RheoScan-D predicts diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients.
RBC deformability reduction indicates 2.93 folds high risk to have diabetic to have diabetic retinopathy in T2DM.
Early detection of Metabolic Syndrome
In the ROC curve analysis,
- AUC of CSS is 0.818
(95% CI: 0.715 to 0.922, P < 0.0005)
- Odd ratio for predicting metabolic syndrome by CSS is 3.896 (95% CI: 2.174 to 6.985, P < 0.0005)